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toc   =Aluminum Atomic number: 13 == = = Symbol- Al Electrons- 13 protons-13 neutrons-14 mass number- 27

__Appearance/Properties__

 * silvery-white metal
 * light [[image:http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Samples/013.2/s7s.JPG width="183" height="191" align="right" caption="Aluminum Water drop blobs" link="http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Samples/013.2/index.s12.html"]]
 * non-sparking
 * second among metals in the scale of malleability
 * sixth in ductility.
 * bright, silvery luster
 * soft
 * easily shaped
 * resists corrosion
 * nonmagnetic
 * good conductor of heat and electricity
 * forms compounds that are hard to break down
 * light weight
 * flexible
 * not strong
 * light weight
 * non-sparking
 * At room temperature it is a solid [[image:http://environmentalchemistry.com/images/periodic/ElectronDot/Al.gif?ad=/banners/ads&ID=342529 width="104" height="89" align="right" caption="Aluminum Dot Model"]]
 * Melting point- 933.323 K (660.323 C)
 * Boiling point- 2792K (2519 C)
 * Freezing Point- 933.323 K (660.323 °C)

__History of aluminum__

 * An impure form of aluminum was prepared by Oersted two years earlier.
 * The existence of aluminum was predicted in 1808 by the English scientist Sir Humphry Davy.
 * The German chemist Friedrich Wöhler simplified the process in 1827 by using potassium instead of potassium amalgam
 * Aluminum was discoverd in 1825 in Copenhagen Denmark by Hans Oersted

__**Hans Christian Oersted**__

 * Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist discoverd aluminum in 1825 in Copenhagen Denmark
 * Hans Oersted never went to school but because he taught himself some math and because he picked up some chemistry from when he went to work at he passed the entrance exam at the University of Copenhagen with honors.
 * He got a pharmaceutical degree in 1797 with high honors.
 * Hans Christian was also discovered electromagnetics

__**Facts**__

 * aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, but it is never found free in nature..
 * main mining areas are Surina m, Jamaica, Ghana, Indonesia, and Russia
 * Aluminum is the most  common  metallic element on Earth so it is common but many people still recycle aluminum
 * Aluminum has three isotopes Al-26, Al-27, and Al-28 and none of its isotopes are radioactive
 * The name aluminum is from the ancient name for alum, which was alumen
 * the name //aluminium// was adopted to conform with the -//ium// ending of most elements

__Uses__

 * consumer durables like appliances, cooking utensiles, ect [[image:http://www.wpneighbors.com/images/Three%20Cans.jpg width="189" height="146" align="right" caption="Aluminum cans"]]
 * automobiles, airplanes, trucks, railcars, marine vessels, etc
 * soda cans [[image:http://sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/siteus/resources/cook.jpg width="160" height="165" align="right" caption="Aluminum pots and pans"]]
 * foil
 * construction materials such as windows, doors, siding, etc
 * electrical transmission lines
 * machinery
 * to conserve energy both in home heating and cooling and in the transportation industry
 * Aluminum is an average of $0.8564$ per pound

__Sources__
> . > 2009. 16 Nov. 2008  Al.html#Overview>. > Geological Survey. 13 Nov. 2008  commodity/aluminum/>. > Nov. 2008  > . > .
 * Abbott, Robert E. "Aluminum." //The New Book of Knowledge®//. 2008. Grolier Online. 11 Nov. 2008 http://nbk.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=a2000740-h.
 * "Aluminum." __Periodic Table__. 15 Dec. 2003. university of California. 12 Nov. 2008
 * Barbalace, Kenneth L. "Periodic Table of Elements." __Enviormental Chemistry__.
 * Bentor, Yinon. __Chemical Element.com - Aluminum__. Nov. 16, 2008 http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/al.html.
 * Bray. "Aluminum." __USGS__. 5 Nov. 2008. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S.
 * Chambliss, H. D. "aluminum." //Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia//. 2008. Grolier Online. 12 Nov. 2008 [|http://gme.grolier.com].
 * "Facts About Amuminum." __Grolier Online Encyclopedia__. 2008. Scholastic Lib. 11
 * .Gagnon, Steve. "Aluminum." __Jefferson Lab__. 16 Nov. 2008
 * "Hans Christian Oersted." __NNDB__. 2008. Soylent Communications. 16 Nov. 2008
 * Keller, Fred. "Aluminum." //Encyclopedia Americana//. 2008. Grolier Online. 12 Nov. 2008 http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0011670-00


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